![]() London and Birmingham), and the majority of BAME groups being on average younger than White British populations. The number of Asian deaths is similar to their share of the total population.įurther analysis of hospital death data in England and Wales by the IFS has attempted to adjust for the greater occurrence of COVID-19 cases in urban areas with high BAME density (e.g. Given this ethnic group accounts for 3.5% of the total population in England, the share of deaths in Black individuals is 66% higher than this groups proportion of the total population. This brief analysis shows there have been 801 deaths in the Black ethnic group as of April 17, accounting for 5.8% of COVID-19 deaths. Using NHS England and ONS data, Statista compared the number of COVID-19 deaths in BAME groups compared to their proportion of the country’s total population. Excess deaths are 1.6 times higher for the Mixed Any Other Background population. Excess deaths are 4.3 times higher for the Black African population, 2.5 times for the Black Caribbean population, and 7.3 times higher for Black Other Background individuals. expected) are around 1.5 times higher than expected for the Indian population, 2.8 times higher for the Pakistani population, and 3 times higher in Bangladeshis. It is important to note that compared to the White British population per capita deaths are markedly greater in Indian, Other Black, Black Carribbean and Other Ethnic group (see the figure below, but note these data are not adjusted for potential explanatory factors such as age, geography, occupational exposure etc.).Īnalysis of NHS England hospital death data shows excess deaths vary by BAME group (See table below, final column on right). For example, per capita, Black Carribean deaths are over twice those of Bangladeshi and Pakistani populations. ![]() With data on COVID-19 in BAME populations emerging daily, this rapid review aimed to evaluate the evidence on plausible associations between ethnicity and COVID-19 incidence and adverse health outcomes in the general population and people working in health and social care.Īn ongoing Google Scholar literature search has been conducted since the COVID-19 outbreak began, and this has been updated through publications on MedRxiv preprint and social media.Īnalysis of hospital death data in England by the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) show deaths per capita are not consistent across BAME groups, and they are markedly greater in Black Carribean and Black Other groups compared to all other ethnicities (except ‘Other ethnic group’). There are also concerns that healthcare and other key workers who belong to BAME groups are particularly at risk. For example, observational data from the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre, show a third of COVID-19 patients admitted to critical care units are from BAME groups. Worryingly there is early evidence of an association between ethnicity and COVID-19 incidence and adverse health outcomes. The UK has a large and diverse Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic community (BAME), which account for around 14% of the population in England and Wales. For Health and Care workers, there are increased health and care setting exposure risks. There may be a number of contributing factors in the general population such as overrepresentation of BAME populations in lower socio-economic groups, multi-family and multi-generational households, co-morbidity exposure risks, and disproportionate employment in lower band key worker roles. ![]() The exact reasons for this increased risk and vulnerability from COVID-19 in BAME populations are not known. Similarly, adverse outcomes are seen for BAME patients in intensive care units and amongst medical staff and Health and Care Workers. On behalf of the Oxford COVID-19 Evidence Service TeamĬentre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health SciencesĮditorial input from Professor Trisha GreenhalghĮvidence indicates markedly higher mortality risk from COVID-19 among Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) groups, but deaths are not consistent across BAME groups. Professor in Primary Care Diabetes & Vascular Medicine, University of Leicester Research Associate, University of Leicesterħ. Assistant Professorial Research Fellow, London School of EconomicsĦ. ![]() Professor in Applied Public Health Research, University of Liverpoolĥ. Director of Public Health, Lancashire County CouncilĤ. Director of Public Health, Blackburn with Darwen Council, Visiting Professor University of Central Lancashire (UCLAN)ģ. Consultant in Public Health, Lancashire County Council, Visiting Senior Fellow, University of SuffolkĢ. BAME COVID-19 DEATHS – What do we know? Rapid Data & Evidence ReviewĪbdul Razaq 1, Dominic Harrison 2, Sakthi Karunanithi 3, Ben Barr 4, Miqdad Asaria 5, Ash Routen 6, Kamlesh Khunti 7ġ.
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